Enl an external view of english after kachru 1992 nonnative speakers outnumber native speakers of english. The term was first used during the middle ages to describe a french and italianbased jargon, or pidgin, that was developed by. Providing a unique and original perspective on this subject, istvan kecskes explains the language behaviour of elf speakers, through the lens of gricean pragmatics. Elf is also defined functionally by its use in intercultural communication rather than formally by its reference to nativespeaker norms whereas english as a second or foreign language aims at meeting native speaker norms and gives prominence to. If a standard secondary tongue is adopted, a much smaller number of translators or. This paper presents an overview of the pronunciation features of four varieties of. Native speakers model, english as lingua franca core elc, english as lingua. The rise of english as the global lingua franca is.
In her proposal for a lingua franca core lfc jennifer jenkins 2000 seeks to redefine and reclassify pronunciation error, and in so doing to embrace the sociolinguistic facts of regional variation. The lingua franca core and englishes in east and southeast. Concretely, it means relating processes and outcomes of linguistic change to specific situations of language contact and bilingualism, as well as to the role of spanish as common vehicle of communication in economic and political. Frankish language language used as a means of communication between populations speaking vernaculars that are not mutually intelligible. English as a lingua franca from the classroom to the. Lingua franca ar numera en beteckning for ett internationellt sprak som anvands i kommunikation mellan manniskor med olika modersmal. The lingua franca core and englishes and east and southeast asia asiatic, vol. English as a lingua franca from the classroom to the classroom jennifer jenkins english has served as a means of communication among speakers of different first languages i. Teachers are helping students to use english as a lingua franca. Pdf the implications of the lingua franca core for. Mohammad latif chaudhary are from college of electronic technology, bani walid, libya. The lingua franca core this document contains my response to the discussion questions presented in tesl 525 in week 6 regarding the lingua franc core. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise cambridge core to connect with your account.
Examining spanish as a lingua franca lf means exploring it within the terrain of its genetic, structural, and historic complexity. Today when we find a language which is commonly used by people whose native languages are different, we describe it as a lingua franca. The lingua franca core and englishes in east and southeast asia. Katy simpson davies and laura patsko will deliver a british council seminar in glasgow on 26 november 20 on teaching pronunciation and listening in an elf context english as a lingua franca. In the classroom, we should work on a chosen recording first as part of a standard listening session. Before entering into the discussion about the present and the prospective status of english as the global lingua franca, it seems appropriate to determine what, in fact, the global lingua franca is. How to teach english as a lingua franca elf british council. Lingua franca definition is a common language consisting of italian mixed with french, spanish, greek, and arabic that was formerly spoken in mediterranean ports. Bland olika nutida lingua franca i varlden kan namnas engelska, kinesiska, franska, spanska och ryska. After giving an overview of the research done on english as a lingua franca, with a special emphasis on the notion of lingua franca core, the study reflects on the repercussions of elf findings on teaching english as a foreign language. If youre interested in finding out more about practical applications of jenkinss lingua franca core and the use of phonological accommodation, this is the right book for you. This helps to facilitate trade and cultural exchange which helps to explain why lingua francas were also called trade or bridge languages. Elf interaction can include native english speakers, but in most cases, it is a contact language between people who share neither a common native tongue.
Lingua franca definition of lingua franca by merriamwebster. At the same time, this new and incipient research gives rise to new questions, and inspires further explorations into the complex phenomenon of elf. The fully competent speaker of english as a lingua franca. Lingua francas of the world 661 the use of this particular form of french eventually died out, but not before having left its own name as its heritage for languages which are used in a similar fashion. Consonant sounds elf users need to be able to produce all of the english consonants. English as a lingua franca the globalisation of english. How to teach english as a lingua franca elf british. English as a lingua franca a lingua franca walker, 2010. The user of english as a lingua franca may be either native or nonnative is typically bi or multilingual, or bidialectal an englishusing bilingual alptekin, 2005 is likely to be skilled in communicative and comprehension strategies. The culmination of her work was a lingua franca core lfc, that is, a listing of those pronunciation features that caused breakdowns in nnsnns understanding, with a specification of how they need to be pronounced. The document seeks to provide my perspective on the issue of whether i believe the lfc should replace american and british pronunciation. English is the most widely used language in the world, thus becoming the worlds lingua franca. English language is functionally promoted to be a lingua franca in asean working language.
On the idea of teaching the lingua franca core at dutch. The impact of jenkins lingua franca core on the teaching. Although most contemporary linguists regard english as a lingua franca elf as a valuable means of international communication and a. Although most contemporary linguists regard english as a lingua franca elf as a valuable means of international communication and worthwhile object of study, some have challenged its value and the idea that elf is a distinct variety of english at all. Yet its present spread and use are so new that english as a lingua franca elf in.
The sociolinguistic reality of english language use worldwide, and its implications, continue to be. Lingua franca was firstly used during the middle age in mediterranean. Sign up for blog updates and when we wake up, youll be the first to know. Concretely, it means relating processes and outcomes of linguistic change to specific situations of language contact and bilingualism, as well as to the role of spanish as common vehicle of communication in economic and political contexts. English as a lingua franca and its implications for. Pronunciation priorities, the lingua franca core, and monolingual groups. Lingua franca definition of lingua franca by the free. English as a lingua franca and its implications for teaching. A lingua franca pronounced lingwa franka is a language or mixture of languages used as a medium of communication by people whose native languages are different.
English is now undoubtedlyand particularly an international lingua franca, a lingua mundi. It explores the practices, regularities, and patterns of english as a lingua franca elf as it appears in natural use by expert users in university settings. Identify and describe one historical factor that contributed to the worldwide use of english. Jenkins 2000 sets out a third choice, the lingua franca core lfc, for the millions of english learners around the world who do not want to or are unable to. Indeed, researchers have, for example, established that it is not proximity to a standard native speaker model, but rather the ability to pronounce certain key pronunciation features known as the lingua franca core lfc, and the ability to adapt the pronunciation to the interlocutor, that enhance intelligibility in elf contexts. Drawing from classic and recent research on quechua sociolinguistics and comparatively on current work in the study of world englishes and english as a lingua franca, we describe ways in which quechua possibly served as a lingua franca, but also argue that quechuas role and potential as lingua franca have often been misunderstood. Pronunciation priorities, the lingua franca core, and. This is important familiarity with the content frees learners to focus their attention on the elf pronunciation points. The term english as a lingua franca elf refers to the teaching, learning, and use of the english language as a common means of communication or contact language for speakers of different native languages. The impact of jenkins lingua franca core on the teaching of. Your students need help with their pronunciation, to speak clearly in an international context.
Prescriptivists generally nonlinguists tend to dismiss elf as a kind of foreigner talk or what has been disparagingly called. However, the lingua franca core remains controversial. In particular, this involves the lingua franca core lfc of those features of english pronunciation that are claimed to ensure intelligibility but at the same time. This book and audio cd explore how elf may be relevant to teaching your students pronunciation. Pdf the lingua franca core, a new model for pronunciation. The proposal recognizes the rights of nonnative speakers to their own legitimate regional accents rather than regarding. English as a lingua franca, since the current surge of research activity is expanding our understanding of elf in useits processes, practices, and linguistic features.
Dauer university of massachusetts amherst, massachusetts, united states m few would dispute that english is now the primary lingua franca, the language used to communicate among speakers of different native languages throughout the world. Definition and examples of a lingua franca thoughtco. This handbook will bring you up to speed on the latest trends in teaching pronunciation. Standard languages and language standards gramley, ws 200809 the lingua franca core. Walkers book provides guidelines for teachers of english as a foreignsecond. Winter and similar words should not be allowed in an. It draws on the lingua franca core, a set of pronunciation features that research has found to be essential to intelligibility in elf communications, and explores how adopting an elf approach can benefit students. In the past, arabic became the lingua franca of the islamic world from ad 733 ad 1492. Singapore people use english and mandarin as their official languages. Available formats pdf please select a format to send. Attention need not be given to features outside the lfc, as they are unimportant in this respect. Elfa english as a lingua franca in the academia investigates english as it is currently used by speakers with different mother tongues. Lingua franca meaning in the cambridge english dictionary. Native speakers model or english as lingua franca core.
At its simplest, elf is a way of referring to communication in english between speakers who have different first languages. Englisch lingua franca erfolgreiche kommunikation hoflichkeit personalpronomen firma audiodaten elf wirtschaftsenglisch prufung transkription unterrichtenglish lingua franca elf successful communication politeness common ground pronoun use pragmatic expressions specialised vocabulary teaching transcripts business englis. Pdf the lingua franca core and englishes in east and southeast. Rhoticity is part of the lingua franca core, chiefly because it aligns spelling and pronunciation, but must it be genam. A critique of jenkins lingua franca core adam brown at ais st helens, as in other institutions in new zealand and some other countries, international nonnative speaker nns students from china, india, the pacific islands, etc undertake englishmedium study, often being taught by lecturers whose first language is not english. English as a lingua franca elf is a term used to describe the use of english as a common language for communication between speakers whose first language is not english. The effectiveness of the lingua franca core lfc in. The emergence of english as a lingua franca elf has offered us an avenue to reexamine and reconsider the relevance and appropriateness of the traditional native speaker models in english language teaching. Nonnative speakers of english now outnumber native speakers by a margin of about 3. This paper examines, in general, the perception towards elf or non native speaker nns accents in relation to native speaker ns accents. English as a lingua franca elf is the use of the english language as a common means of communication for speakers of different first languages. The lingua franca core is phonological and phonetic features that are crucial to intelligibility.
The term was first used during the middle ages to describe a french and. The lingua franca core and englishes in east and southeast asia article pdf available in asiatic 102. Pdf the lingua franca core and englishes in east and. A lingua franca addresses the problem posed when representations proliferate. Teaching the pronunciation of english as a lingua franca. The lingua franca core represents phonological linguistic features. A lingua franca is a language which is used as a means of communication among people who have no native language in common.
Your students need to use english with people from around the world. In particular, this involves the lingua franca core lfc of those features of english pronunciation that. English as a lingua franca from the classroom to the classroom. This has resulted in the concept of english as lingua franca elf in which english is. Collectively, these guidelines are known as the lingua franca core lfc, and can be summarised in four areas. Elf is also defined functionally by its use in intercultural communication rather than formally by its reference to nativespeaker norms whereas english as a second or foreign language aims at meeting native speaker norms and. Lingua franca plays an enormous role in global communication. As teachers we are continually revising our priorities in everything we do, and the teaching of pronunciation is no exception. Jun 24, 2017 lingua franca in essence, a lingua franca is one that is used for communication between people who have no native language in common. The lingua franca core, a new model for pronunciation instruction.
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